Tuesday, May 6, 2014

Notes for tomorrow

- First emperor- Caesar Augustus


Caligula (bad finish)
    • He began to fight with the Senate
    • He claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places - including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (sacrilege!)
    • Other examples of cruelty and insanity: he slept with other men's wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least that's what his critics said)
    • Assassinated by his own aides. AD 41 (aged 28)

    Claudius
    • Ostracized by his family because of his disabilities (limp, slight deafness, possible speech impediment - thought to be cerebral palsy or polio), he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed
    • He rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus
    • He had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup - so Claudius had them killed

    Religious troubles
    • Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic
    • Romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god
    • AD 66: a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple (except for one wall)
    • The Western Wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines
    • Half a million Jews died in the rebellion

    Persecution of Christians
    • Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor
    • Especially Christians, who were viewed as followers of a new, upstart religion (cult)
    • Often used for "entertainment" purpose in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc.)
    • Despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly - by AD 200, around 10 percent of the people in the Roman empire were Christians

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