Wednesday, February 26, 2014

LO3 Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States

Acropolis- The high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town

Greek City-States were small places, consisting of no more than  a town and a few square miles of surrounding countryside

Hop lite- A heavily armed and armored citizen soldier of ancient Greece

Phalanx- A unit of several hundred hop lites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy

Monarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler (a monarch)

Oligarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a small group

Triremes- Massive fighting vessels with 3 banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships

Tyranny- Rule by a self-proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)

Democracy- In ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making

"Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third great civilization: that of classical Greece"

Helots- Non citizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta

The four types of government- Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, and Democracy

Aristocrats- Members of prominent and long-established Athenian families

"Instead of softening their feet with shoes, his rule was to make them hardy through going barefoot.... Instead of pampering them with a variety of clothes, his rule was to habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so they would be better prepared to withstand the variations of heat and cold"
- Xenophon, describing the rules of Spartan Lycurgus, ca. 400 BC
  
Athens= Freedom and power

Aegean, Ionian, and Adriatic sea

Peloponnese
Athens and Sparta
Crete
Mediterranean means middle of the earth

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