Acropolis- The high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town
Greek City-States were small places, consisting of no more than a town and a few square miles of surrounding countryside
Hop lite- A heavily armed and armored citizen soldier of ancient Greece
Phalanx- A unit of several hundred hop lites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
Monarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler (a monarch)
Oligarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a small group
Triremes- Massive fighting vessels with 3 banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships
Tyranny- Rule by a self-proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)
Democracy- In ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making
"Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third great civilization: that of classical Greece"
Helots- Non citizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta
The four types of government- Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, and Democracy
Aristocrats- Members of prominent and long-established Athenian families
"Instead of softening their feet with shoes, his rule was to make them hardy through going barefoot.... Instead of pampering them with a variety of clothes, his rule was to habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so they would be better prepared to withstand the variations of heat and cold"
- Xenophon, describing the rules of Spartan Lycurgus, ca. 400 BC
Athens= Freedom and power
Aegean, Ionian, and Adriatic sea
Peloponnese
Athens and Sparta
Crete
Mediterranean means middle of the earth
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